Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a sulfur-containing organic compound, English Dimethylsulfoxide, molecular formula (CH3) 2SO, at room temperature is colorless odorless transparent liquid, with hygrometric flammable liquid.
It has high polarity, high boiling point, aproton, miscible characteristics in water, very low toxicity, good thermal stability, does not mix with alkanes, can dissolve in water, ethanol, propanol, ether, benzene and chloroform and other most organic matter, known as “universal Chemicalbook solvent”. It is one of the most powerful organic solvents in common use.
It can dissolve most organic matter, including carbohydrates, polymers, peptides, and many inorganic salts and gases. It can dissolve solutes equal to 50-60% of its weight (other common solvents can only dissolve 10-20%), so it is important in sample management and high-speed drug screening.
Structure:
Appearance: The appearance of colorless, odorless hygroscopic liquid.
Boiling point: 189.0℃
Melting point: 18.54℃
Relative density (25℃) : 1.0958
Solubility:
Similar to N, n-dimethylformamide. It is miscible with water, methanol, ethanol, octanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, acetaldehyde, acetone, ethyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, pyridine, and aromatic hydrocarbons. But aliphatic hydrocarbons are insoluble except for acetylene. Dimethyl sulfoxide can also dissolve sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, calcium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and so on. It has strong solvation effect on metal ions.
Note:
It can be stored in mild steel, copper or aluminum containers. It has corrosion effect on zinc and galvanized iron sheet. Partial decomposition occurs during atmospheric distillation and sometimes explosion occurs. Dimethyl sulfoxide has strong hygroscopic properties and is flammable. Attention should be paid to storage and use.
Toxicity:
1. Dimethyl sulfoxide belongs to low toxicity class.
2. It is permeable to human skin and has a stimulating effect on eyes.
The use of DMSO
In industry, it is mainly used for anhydrous organic chemical synthesis reaction and pharmaceutical and intermediate synthesis reaction solvent, using the solvent can improve the chemical reaction speed, improve the yield of reactants, shorten the reaction time, and make the synthesis reaction more smooth.
In medicine, it is mainly used for pharmaceutical and intermediate synthesis reaction solvent, pharmaceutical solvent and drug carrier, etc. The use of the solvent can improve the chemical reaction speed and increase the yield of reactants.
Chemically, DMSO is used as a liquid chromatography solvent, and is used as a reference when testing the ultraviolet extinction value of a substance, and exists in a liquid form. It is mainly used for cleaning electronic circuit boards after etching, and is also used for the production of rare earth metals and cleaning and capacitor electronic devices.
