DMSO ( dimethyl sulfoxide) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2SO(CH_{3})_{2}SO(CH 3)2SO. DMSO has shown its unique properties and applications in many fields, including but not limited to as solvent, catalyst and in the synthesis of medicine and pesticide. The following is an overview of the main working principles and application areas of DMSO:
As a solvent: DMSO has a high boiling point and a low freezing point, , which makes it suitable as a solvent for high temperature reactions, is also suitable for use at low temperatures. , for example, in pesticide synthesis, DMSO is used as reaction solvent, can improve the conversion and yield of the reaction.
As a catalyst: In organic synthetic chemistry, DMSO can participate as a catalyst in reactions, especially in the process of promoting C-H bond chlorination of (heteroaromatic) hydrocarbons. can react with n-chloro-succinimide (NCS) to form polarizing intermediates. DMSO can catalyze these reactions efficiently, has good functional group compatibility and regional selectivity.
Medicinal applications: DMSO for its ability to penetrate skin membranes and carry large quantities of substances into the body was early studied as a means of protecting biological tissue from cryogenic damage and has shown efficacy in the treatment of burns. Despite its cytotoxicity , DMSO has potential for use in cell culture and drug delivery under appropriate concentration and control.
Application in the field of pesticides: DMSO plays an important role in the synthesis of pesticides, not only as a solvent to improve the reaction rate and yield, is also used as a catalyst in the specific reaction, to promote the chemical reaction.
Through its unique physicochemical properties, plays an important role in many fields, from the use of simple solvents to complex catalytic reactions, to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, DMSO applications show its versatility as a “universal solvent”.
