how is polyvinylpyrrolidone k30 made

The specific production process should be
PVP production process:
Acetylene process is the mainstream PVP production process.
The production process of PVP can be divided into acetylene method and gamma-butyrolactone method.
In the acetylene process, acetylene and α-pyrrolidone are used to produce NVP (n-vinylpyrrolidone), and then polymerize to produce PVP.
The γ-butyrolactone method is to produce hydroxyethyl pyrrolidone by γ-butyrolactone method and ethanolamine, and then dehydrate to produce PVP.
Acetylene process is the mainstream large-scale industrial production process at present. It has certain advantages over gamma-butyrolactone method in product quality, production yield (mature process), and economy (cheap and easy to obtain raw materials).

Gamma-butyrolactone method is more suitable for the production of small and medium-sized processes.

In acetylene process, 1, 4-butanediol (BDO) is synthesized from acetylene and formaldehyde, and after catalytic dehydrogenation, ya-butanolactone, cyclogenesis, ammonolysis, acetylene addition and other reactions, NVP is obtained.
The monomer vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) was prepared by bulk polymerization and solution polymerization.
In the process of bulk polymerization, due to the large viscosity of the reaction system, the polymer is not easy to diffuse, and the polymerization heat is not easy to remove, resulting in local overheating and other problems, the obtained product has low molecular weight, high residual monomer content, and is mostly yellow, and has no great practical value.
Solution polymerization is generally used to synthesize PVP in industry.

PVP production polymerization has two main routes,
The first is the solution polymerization of NVP in an organic solvent, followed by steam stripping.
The second route is aqueous polymerization of NVP monomer with water-soluble cation, anionic or non-ionic monomer.
PVP homopolymer can be obtained by heating NVP monomer directly to more than 140℃, or adding initiator to NVP solution for heating, or adding initiator to NVP solution (solvent can be water, ethanol, benzene, etc.) through free radical solution polymerization, or directly irradiating NVP monomer or its solution with light. Polymerization methods are different. The structure and properties of the obtained polymers are different, and the composition and structure of the polymers obtained by free radical solution polymerization are more uniform. The performance is also relatively stable, is the most common method of NVP homopolymerization, adjusting the monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, initiator amount and other reaction conditions can obtain different molecular weight and different water soluble PVP homopolymerization.

Process 1: NVP is configured into a solution with a mass fraction of 50%, and a small amount of hydrogen peroxide is used as a catalyst to initiate polymerization under the action of azodiisobutyronitrile at 50℃, so that almost all NVP is converted into PVP. The remaining azodiisobutyronitrile was decomposed by adding ammonia to the polymer. The conversion rate of monomer polymerization was nearly 100% and the solid content was 50%.
Process 2: 0.4g dispersant P (NVP-CO-VAC) and 80g dispersing medium ethyl acetate were added into 250 mL four-mouth flask, and dissolved by stirring in a constant temperature water bath at 70℃, 20g monomer NVP and 0.15g initiator AIBN were added. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 6h, and then cooled and filtered. The insoluble substance was placed in a vacuum drying oven for 24h. Obtain white PVP solid powder.
The vast majority of PVP polymerization uses AIBN as initiator, and there is no literature on using water-soluble azo initiators to initiate PVP synthesis, but some people are doing work in this area. Since both NVP monomer and PVP are water-soluble, it is entirely possible to use water-soluble azo initiators to initiate polymerization into linear PVP polymers. Moreover, AIBN contains the group cyanogen that is harmful to human body, while most water-soluble azo initiators do not contain cyanogen, and PVP is mostly used for products that are in direct contact with human body. Therefore, water-soluble azo initiators have more advantages than AIBN.

Water-soluble azo initiators are a classification of azo initiators, which are obtained by introducing hydrophilic groups into the molecules of oil-soluble azo initiators such as AIBN, etc., and can be dissolved in water, so the scope of use is expanded. The development of water-soluble azo initiator in China is relatively late, in recent years began to be recognized and applied, but because of its excellent performance in some fields, the development is relatively rapid.

According to the calculation of Guosen Securities, it is expected to increase to 331 tons and 0.400 tons respectively by 2025.
In 2023 and 2024, the global PVP is expected to have a supply and demand gap of 0.07 and 0.26 million tons, mainly due to the increase in the installed capacity of new energy batteries and photovoltaicsbringing about new PVP demand.

Risk warning: product price fluctuation risk; Risk of rising raw material purchase prices; Failure of product downstream validation and risk of new alternatives; Market competition intensifies risk.

PVP continues to deepen in the traditional field, and its application in the emerging field is gradually developed.
The main application areas of PVP are concentrated in the daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
PVP emerging areas:
In the lithium battery industry, PVP can be used as a dispersant and conductive material processing aid for lithium battery electrodes;
In the photovoltaic industry, PVP as a dispersant can be used to produce high-quality spherical silver powder for positive silver paste, flake silver powder for negative silver paste and nano silver particles.
With the continuous improvement of the penetration rate of lithium batteries and the increase of photovoltaic installed capacity, these two emerging areas will significantly boost the demand for PVP.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a non-ionic polymer produced by the polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) under certain conditions.

PVP comes in liquid and solid forms, the most common being powders, aqueous solutions, and organic solutions.

PVP has the advantages of excellent solubility, chemical stability, low toxicity, film forming, etc., as an auxiliary, additive, excipient application demand is high, is a widely used fine chemical products, in medicine, textile, chemical, beverage, daily chemical and other fields have been applied.

K value is an important factor to determine the performance of PVP.

The K value refers to the value calculated by the viscosity measurement value of the polymer dilute solution, which is related to the polymerization degree or the size of the molecule. In general, the larger the K value, the larger the molecular weight, the greater the viscosity and the stronger the adhesion.

PVP main product varieties and specifications according to molecular weight can be divided into viscosity levels of K-15, K-30, K-60, K-90.

PVP can be divided into industrial grade, cosmetic grade, food grade and pharmaceutical grade four, process difficulty, technical requirements and
The price increases step by step.